The Main Cause Of Famine On Africa - 1674 Words

Zeena Mhone Grade 9/2 Geography The main cause of famine in Africa is Natural hazards. Africa has been associated with famine for a long period of time and is still the case today.Research has shown that more than 90 million people living in Africa have been affected by hunger and are malnourished.This raises a question of what the root causes of this problem could be, considering that this has been an ongoing problem. Some people suggest that the main cause of famine in Africa over the years and is still the case today is natural disasters.While environmental catastrophes may have played a part in causing famine to Africa it can not be discussed in isolation, there are other factors that have to be taken into consideration. The main aim of this essay is to give a critical discussion of the causes of famine in Africa today. To start with, natural disasters may have triggered famines in the past and that is still the case today in the African continent. For instance,in 2011 to mid 2012,east Africa had an extreme climate change that brought on a drought that was said to be the worst in 60 years.The region faced a prolonged dry season, and the rain that followed the dry season fell in low quantity resulting to a severe food crisis to the countries of Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya and Ethiopia. The sudden food crisis is said to have threatened the livelihoods of 12 million people living in the region. Most of the refugees from Somalia fled to neighboring countries whichShow MoreRelatedImperialism656 Words   |  3 PagesImperialism in Africa? During the 19th century, King Leopold II of Belgium compared Africa to a cake. At the Berlin Conference in 1885, seven European nations took slices of Africa for themselves without discussing any details with Africans. From a 21st century perspective, this seems like a selfish thing to have done, so why did Europeans engage in imperialism? Certainly, political factors, cultural causes, and technological advancements were important. But the primary cause was economic. EuropeanRead MoreThe Causes Of Famine1354 Words   |  6 PagesFamine With food production at an all time high, starvation should be at an all time low, but that is far from the case. Unfortunately, famine is currently one of the main causes of death in third world countries. In this essay I will look at the reasons for the famine, the consequences and compare the ideas of food aid and sustainable livelihoods. Famine causes malnutrition and death, in 2011, 260 000 people died of famine in Sudan and Ethiopia. Over half of these were children. (Devi 2017)  ThereRead MoreHunger in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Astonishing Truth Behind Starvation1717 Words   |  7 Pagessub-Saharan Africa, every 3 seconds a child under five dies from AIDS and hunger, and more than 90 percent of the people are suffering long term malnourishment. (World Health Organization) In addition to this, measles are taking the life of a boy almost every minute, when a measles vaccine cost less than $1. (WHO, World Health Organization) Things are moving in the wrong direction, says Marc Cohen (International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Washington). If we look at sub-Saharan Africa as aRead MoreReflection On Out Of America By Keith Richburg1369 Words   |  6 Pageswanted to discover his true roots back in Africa. He takes up the job of being a foreign reporter in Africa and writes an autobiography detailing his e xperiences there. Some of the images he paints are absolutely horrible and even painful to read about. In this essay, I will discuss some of his experiences in Africa, why the author felt a lot more of an American than an African when he left, and why the future of Africa looks bleak. Before the author went to Africa, he expected the continent to be a lotRead MoreGlobal Hunger Is The Most Prevalent Issue1747 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Hunger is the most prevalent issue in the modern world. In much of Asia, Africa and other parts of the developing world, people are malnourished and do not have access to sufficient food. Hunger levels in third-world countries has decreased, however in war affected countries such as Iraq, hunger has increased severely. Malnourishment affects the body all through a person’s life, from the moment they are born to when they are elderly, if they survive that long. Life long hunger can increaseRead MoreReasons for the Worlds Food Surpluses and Shortages Essay examples911 Words   |  4 Pagesworld today, the three richest people in the world have more money than the 600,000 poorest. It is clear that the main reason for there being food surpluses in some countries and shortages in others, is the widening gap between the rich and the poor. In many LEDCs, such as Ethiopia and Mali in Africa and India in Asia, people are suffering from malnutrition and famine. Whereas in MEDCs, especially in North America and Europe, people are suffering from obesity and food surplusesRead MoreWestern Media Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesAfrica is one of the richest continents in terms of resources and human population nonetheless; it is the poorest and least developed continent. A significant number of the population in the west are ignorant about Africa and have a negative attitude towards Africa, ‘Most of them have certain images of Africa that they hold to be true or real’, all these images are acquired though what they receive as news in the western media (Michira,2002). Often words used to describe Africa in the west includeRead MoreThe Effects Of Long Distance Travel During The Era 12001681 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most important effects of long-distance travel in the era 1200 to 1500 was the famine that started in 1315. The population lessened due to the lack of food and even when they did have food it wasn’t enough to stop their starvation. In the article Famine of 1315 it was stated: â€Å"Four pennies worth of coarse bread was not enough to feed a common man for one day. The usual kinds of meat, suitable for eating, were too scarce; horse meat was precious; plump dogs were stolen. And, accordingRead More Drought Eastern Africa1518 Words   |  7 Pagessurvive and Eastern Africa is far from the ideal place to do so due to drought. The Eastern Africa people have limited crops which are mostly failing due to lack of water, little cattle herds due to the hot conditions and poor ground to feed on ,while the rest of the world has the resources to provide large-scale relief (Stewart, 2011). This is a big issue because on a global scale we are letting Eastern Africa’s people suffer when there is no need of it. The drought in Eastern Africa is causing manyRead MoreThe Effects Of Low Food Production On Africa925 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Africa is the world’s second-largest and second-most-populous continent, covering 20.4 percent of Earth’s total land area (Fima. L, 2009), with rich natural resources and lots of mighty rivers. In this essay, three main factors causing low food production in Eastern Africa will be analysed and discussed. Firstly, rapid growth of population in Africa is responsible for degradation and soil erosion, decline of the land’s ability to recovery, and retain productivity. The unpredictable

The Cause and Effects of Surrogate Mother - 1680 Words

The main causes of women choose to be surrogate mothers are poverty and kind human being, and its result in physical and mental effects to the surrogate mother. II. Surrogacy is often done or committed is because of poverty. A. Effects of poverty 1. Hunger 2. Sickness B. Surrogacy is becoming a growing business. 1. Earn more money in order to overcome their hardship III. Surrogacy is being done by people. A. Help relative that could not reproduce offspring 1. Strengthen the bonds between family members B. Surrogate mother will feel delighted and happy after giving birth successfully 1. Bring a new life to this world 2. Emotional affected by original parents 3. Feel proud for doing something not ordinal IV. Several†¦show more content†¦An average man that is uneducated will normally be paid approximately USD $50 per month of work. The wages of people in poverty are too low for themselves to even survive or nearly enough for them to send their own children for education. As a result of these, surrogacy is now a very common job in countries that suffer from poverty, countries like India and Africa. In India, surrogacy is becoming a growing business and is recently becoming very popular. A woman is averagely paid from around USD $5000 to USD $7000 to carry a child of another couple. (N.Patel, n.d.) Comparing from $50 per month and $5000 for 9 months of carrying a child, the math speaks for itself which of the two can earn more money. Moreover, in India, for USD $5000 the people can easily buy a small house for the family to stay in instead of renting a small room and even still have enough to pay for their children’s school fees. Surrogacy can easily solve the problem of poverty for many people, so there is no reason for them to not do it. Other than poverty, there are also other reasons that surrogacy is being done by people. One of the reasons is because that people turn into surrogacy mothers in order to help their relatives or friends that cannot get pregnant. Being a surrogacy isn’t always about money and getting paid for it, sometimes people would also volunteer to do it out of their kind heart. People like Robin Kaufer helped her friend’s sister carry a baby because thatShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Surrogate Mothers1187 Words   |  5 Pagesadopt a child. In some cases, the surrogate can obtain monetary compensation for her services. According to Anderson (1990), A commercial surrogate mother is someone who is paid money to bear a child for other people and to terminate her parental rights, to lead to a situation that the others may raise the child as exclusively their own. In the aspect of the intended parents, there are reasons for people who need the surrogacy service. Firstly, Intended mothers can have a huge variety of healthRead MoreSurrogacy And The Adoption Of The Surrogate1648 Words   |  7 Pagessome problems involving the intended parents. The women who delivers is the gestational surrogate or carrier. The parents are called as â€Å"intended parents†. They are fully involved in the pregnancy, present at birth and become the child s parents after its birth. There are two types of surrogacy 1. Gestational surrogacy- The baby here is not genetically related to the surrogate. Eggs come from intended mother and sperm from intended father. Sometimes donor eggs, donor sperms or donor embryos areRead More Surrogate Motherhood Essay851 Words   |  4 Pages Surrogate Motherhood: Good or Bad? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many controversies surrounding the idea of surrogate motherhood, by its definition, it is a course of action that goes outside natural reproduction. Although surrogacy was first brought up in the bible it is only until recently that it has actually become an issue for criticism and debate. Factors such as the growth of infertility in modern society, coupled with the declining number of children available for adoption,Read MoreInfertility : Obstacle s, Options And Advancements Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst test tube baby- which is a baby conceived by in vitro fertilization, was born in the United States. Her name was Elizabeth Jordan Carr (Behjati-Ardakani, Z., Akhondi, M. M., Mahmoodzadeh, H., Hosseini, S. H. (2016). Causes and Conditions According to the Mayo clinic, causes of infertility fall on both sexes. For females, it includes ovulation disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, uterine or cervical abnormalities, fallopian tube damage or blockage, endometriosis, primary ovarian insufficiencyRead MoreDescribe and Evaluate Bowlby’s Monotropic Theory1116 Words   |  5 Pagesafter extensive research suggests that emotional bonds had evolutionary functions as he thought it helped a child’s survival. Attachment behaviours in both babies and their caregivers have evolved through natural selection, so the way they behave causes the infants to be biologically programmed with innate behaviours that ensures that attachment does occur. These innate species-specific attachment behaviours are social releasers i.e crying, vocalising and smiling. Bowlby brought in the conceptRead MoreThe First Human Clone : Real Stories930 Words   |  4 Pageschildren are created by infertility treatments and a rethinking of traditional concepts of family is required. Human reproductive cloning should be banned because of the death of countless human embryos while conducting experiments, known risk to the mother and the risk of birth defects in cloned human beings. The documentary shows the successful cloning of a human embryo designed by the Italian fertility expert Severino Antinori to be placed in the womb of a woman for producing a baby. This was anRead MoreParental Influences in Heathcliff, Cathy and Linton Essay examples1369 Words   |  6 Pagesher calmer father, Edgar, and her more fiery mother, Catherine. She shows both these personalities, but she limits each to the correct time and circumstance. Also, the same goes for Linton Heathcliff, who has become a mixture of both his mother, Isabella, and his father, Heathcliff. Lastly, this is shown in Hareton Earnshaw, who, because he has little to no relationship with his biological parents, has turned into a man more like Heathcliff, his surrogate father, instead of Hindley, his genetic fatherRead MoreThe Transition Of Becoming A Parent1682 Words   |  7 Pageschild. In Vitro Fertilization Some lesbian mothers may choose to become pregnant using in vitro fertilization, which â€Å"involves surgically removing eggs from a woman’s ovaries, combining them with sperm in the laboratory, and returning them to the woman’s body,† (Evans, et al., 2015, p. 347). In vitro fertilization is an invasive and costly procedure, which may not be a realistic source of conception for all couples. (O’Neill, Hamer, Dixon, 2012). The mothers must make the decision of who will physicallyRead MoreThe Cloning Of The Medical Field Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesanimals, before being finalized and put into pharmacies. Mice are the main animals used for these sorts of experiments and procedures. The reason for this is because animal models are genetically made to carry diseases with them. This automatically causes mutation in their genes making them transgenic. Creating a transgenic animal is a time consuming process that needs trials and many generations of breedin g. Cloning comes in handy by reducing the time used to create transgenic animals and it wouldRead MoreThe Adoption Of Traditional Surrogate Mothers1837 Words   |  8 Pagesissues, surrogacy becomes an option. Surrogates who agree to bear a child for another couple have made parenthood a possible option for individuals that are not able to adopt a child. Reasons may be because of their age, marital status, or sexual orientation. There are two kinds of surrogate mothers. A traditional surrogate is a woman who is artificially inseminated with the father’s viable sperm. The traditional surrogate is then the baby’s biological mother because it was her egg that was fertilized

The Economic Efficiency Principle Underlies Management Effectiveness Essay Sample free essay sample

Before any treatment on schemes the Board undertakes to properly direct and command an entity it will be prudent to hold an apprehension of the function and duties of the Board. It is besides of import to observe here that the function of the Board of Directors has changed significantly since the Enron Scandal of 2001. Far more duties have been placed on the Board after the Enron Scandal in USA than earlier. The Sarbanes/Oxley Act of 2002. which was America’s response to the Enron Scandal. introduced what is possibly one of the most important pieces of statute law associated with the inadvertence of corporate moralss – which sets guidelines and demands for Accounting. fiscal revelation. and the ethical behaviour of corporations. Other dirts that have contributed â€Å"positively† to corporate administration in entities include the Worldcom Scandal and the Parmalat Scandal. Both of these dirts. along with the Enron Scandal. led to significance alterations on the composing. construction. ethical behaviour. functions and duties of Boardss of Directors over the past decennary. Detailss of these dirts and what part they made to corporate administration will be discussed in this paper. Through Board determinations and determinations of Sub-Committees of the Board. control is exercised in an administration. However. as shall be discussed subsequently in this presentation. the unity of the single Directors and Managers and their committedness to good corporate administration is indispensable for the success of these controls. The failure and bankruptcy of cardinal planetary endeavors including Enron. Parmalat and WorldCom between 2001 and 2003 point to a entire deficiency of ethical behavior by Board and Management despite the being of Sub-Committees of the Board. Traditional Role of Boards â€Å"At the nucleus of corporate administration. of class. is the function of the board in supervising how direction serves the long-run involvements of portion proprietors and other stakeholders. An active. informed. independent and involved board is indispensable for guaranting the company’s unity. transparence and long-run strength†¦Ã¢â‚¬  General Electric. 2002 Annual Report. Boardss have ever been expected to play important functions in the direction of an entity. How efficaciously Boards play these functions is dependent on a assortment of factors including its composing. whether its members are non-executive or executive. and whether or non the CEO plays the function of chair as good. As I indicated earlier. these functions are rapidly altering and germinating. †¢ The Oversight Role of the Board The function of the Board has traditionally been understood to be one of inadvertence. The Board is expected to oversee top Management of an entity on behalf of stockholders ( some could be portion of the board as non executive managers ) . Stockholders appoint the Board and depute certain authorization. including oversight authorization. to the Directors to â€Å"direct† and â€Å"control† the entity on behalf of the stockholders. Their function hence. is non merely limited to taking attention of shareholders’ wealth and guaranting a good return on investing but besides oversing the top Management to guarantee prosperity and endurance of the entity. In this function the Board is held accountable to the stockholders. †¢ Focal Point for Corporate Governance Conflict of involvement between sitting Directors and the company on whose Board they sit is discouraged. The Board is meant to guarantee that there exist no concern involvements and struggle between their private companies or those of Management and the company. Proper division of the functions and duties of the Board and Management is besides enforced. In order to heighten good corporate administration the Board formulates policies and oversees their execution by Management. This is of import as it ensures independency of the Board. Involvement in concern association with the company frequently erodes the independency of the Board in decision-making. †¢ Guaranting Financial Reporting and Ethical Performance Disproof of an entity’s histories so as to reflect a better fiscal place to the share-holders goes to the nucleus of sound corporate administration of an endeavor. Very frequently. this is done to conceal the directors’ or the Management’s ain misdirection. It is hence the Board’s function to guarantee proper accounting is done and the audited histories are presented to the share-holders by the Board. †¢ Ensure the entity’s Future Survival Adoption of policies and preparation of schemes that guarantee strategic aims are achieved is a cardinal map of the Board. Achievement of strategic aims is of import in guaranting endurance of an endeavor. †¢ Hiring and Puting the Wage of the Chief executive officer â€Å"Hiring and firing† the Chief Executive Officer of a company is besides the function of the Board. The Board is besides responsible for the hire of Senior Management staff of an endeavor. However. as shall be discussed subsequently in this presentation. complications arise when the sitting CEO is besides the Chairman of the Board. Although the Board may depute of its maps to the CEO. such deputation does non intend stepping down of duty. †¢ Risk Anticipation and Management Survival of the endeavor is one of the cardinal functions of the Board. as stated earlier. In order to make this. the Board needs to be able to buttockss and manage hazards that face the endeavor. This function is comparatively new and does non purely fall within the traditional functions of the Board. Increasingly. boards and direction squads are encompassing the construct of endeavor hazard direction ( ERM ) to better link their hazard inadvertence with the creative activity and protection of stakeholder value. ERM is a procedure that provides a robust position of cardinal hazards confronting an organisation. In today’s environment. the acceptance of ERM may be the most effectual and attractive manner to run into of all time increasing demands for effectual board hazard inadvertence. If positioned right within the organisation to back up the accomplishment of organisational aims. including strategic aims. effectual ERM can be a value-added procedure that improves long-run organisational public presentation. ERM can. therefore. help direction and the Board in doing better. more risk-informed. strategic determinations. SUB-COMMITTEES AS CONTROL MECHANISMS From the treatment so far. we notice that the Board has assorted responsibilities and duties to fulfill share-holder outlooks. guarantee the endurance of the endeavor. mitigate hazards and control. hire and fire the CEO and top direction. Let us now discuss how the Board exercises way and control of an entity. Assorted mechanisms and schemes are at the disposal of the Board in this respect. We shall discourse each one of these schemes in bend. However. it must be noted that personal unity of the Board Members and Management is critical in the success of these mechanisms and schemes. I ) Decisions of the Board as a Mechanism / Strategy The Board is the supreme policy doing organ in an entity. It meets quarterly. normally. or as the demand may originate to reexamine the public presentation of the administration. Through Board determinations Management is left with small or no leeway but to implement Board determinations. In this manner. the Board exercises control of what may or may non be done by direction. The Board is responsible for internal control in company and for reexamining its effectivity. Procedures are frequently designed for safeguarding assets against unauthorized usage or disposal ; for keeping proper accounting records ; and for the dependability and utility of fiscal information used within the concern or for publication. Such processs are designed to pull off and extenuate the hazard of failure. At Board meetings. Management presents its ain proposals for blessing or rejection. Rejection or blessing is the Board’s privilege and an option the Board exercises in order to command what happens in an entity. Control is exercised through: O Approval. rejection or varying of the entity’s budgets. O Approval. rejection or varying of departmental budgets. O Approval or rejection of contracts. O Hiring or / and fire of the CEO and top direction. o Adoption of Audited Accounts of the company. o Formulation of policies and schemes for their execution. I ) Board Sub-committees as a Mechanism / Strategy For specialised examination. control and way. Boardss organize themselves into Sub-Committees of the Board. These sub-committees may be lasting or ad hoc. What is indispensable is that they are chaired by a Board member with alone makings. experience and apprehension of the nature of the undertaking. The bomber –committees besides have within its rank Board members with the needed experience. preparation and professionalism. Examples of Sub – Committees of the Board may include: o The Audit / Risk Monitoring Sub Committee o The Staff Sub-Committee/ Remuneration Sub-Committee o The Nomination Sub – Committee o The Corporate Sustainability Sub-Committee In order to to the full understand how Boards exercising control through sub-committees. we need to analyze the functions of these sub-committees. a ) The Audit/ Risk Monitoring Sub Committee The constitution and care of appropriate systems of internal control is chiefly the duty of the Audit Committee. The Internal Audit map. which is centrally controlled. proctors the effectivity of internal control structures across the whole administration and studies to the Audit Sub-Committee. Even though the Internal Auditor is a cardinal member of staff. the resident of this office does non describe to the CEO but instead. to the Audit Sub – Committee. In this manner. Board exercises control. The Audit and Risk Monitoring Sub Committee is besides responsible for reding the Board on high-ranking risk-related affairs and hazard administration and for non-executive inadvertence of hazard direction and internal controls ( other than over fiscal coverage ) . Seasonably coverage is indispensable for the company to take disciplinary action. B ) Staff Sub-Committee/ Remuneration Sub-Committee The Staff/ Remuneration Committee is responsible for O.K.ing wage policy. As portion of its function. it considers the footings of fillip programs. portion programs. other long-run inducement programs and the single wage bundles of executive Directors and other senior company employees. including all in places of important influence. However. for the exclusive intent of heightening unity. no managers are involved in make up ones minding their ain wage. This Sub Committee is besides charges with the duty of choice. short listing. recruiting and repairing wage of the CEO and Senior Staff. It besides handles issues refering to publicity. reclamation of contracts. and subject of the Staff. The Chairman of this Sub-Committee is normally a Board Member conversant with affairs of Human Resource Management and Labour Relations. It is of import to observe that enlisting of the CEO and Senior Management is capable to their sign language of a â€Å"Performance Contract† Findingss and recommendations of this Sub-Committee ( as all other commissions ) are so presented to the Board for blessing. In this manner. the Board. through this scheme ensures all enlisting ( degree Celsius ) Nomination CommitteeThe Nomination Committee leads the procedure for Board assignments. and identifies and nominates campaigners. for blessing by the Board. with the support of external advisers as appropriate. and satisfies itself that appropriate programs are in topographic point for orderly sequence to the Board reflecting an appropriate balance of accomplishments and experience on the Board. Before urging an assignment to the Board. the Committee evaluates the balance of accomplishments. cognition and experience of the Board and. in visible radiation of this. and taking into history the demands of the company’s concerns. identifies the function and capablenesss required for a peculiar assignment. Campaigners are considered on virtue against these standards. Care is taken to guarantee that appointees have adequate clip to give to the company. Corporate Sustainability Sub- Committee The Corporate Sustainability Sub-Committee is responsible for supervising the company’s Corporate Sustainability policies ( chiefly environmental. societal and ethical affairs ) and for reding the Board. commissions of the Board and executive direction on such affairs. Ideally. a company should hold a Corporate Sustainability/ Responsibility section within the Head Office. In certain companies. this section is a unit in the Human Resource Department. As I mentioned earlier in this presentation. the map of this sub-committee is comparatively new and was non a traditional function of the Board. Besides the Sub Committees that I have discussed above. the Board normally has discretion to organize other sub-committees as and when it deems fit. OTHER CONTROL MECHANISMSI ) Performance ContractsThese are normally marks set by the Board for accomplishment. The Chief executive officer and Senior Staff are given marks that are measureable and accomplishable that they must run into. Failure to run into these marks would ask for countenances against the Manager concerned. Directors. in some cases. are besides subjected to public presentation contracts by which accomplishment of set ends and aims are gauged. two ) Continuity through Retirement by Rotation This is a mechanism where tierce of Board members retire from the Board go forthing two-thirds of Board members to go on in their functions. New Board members are so invited to replace the retiring Board Members. This mechanism ensures continuity and control of the entity as there will be more â€Å"old† Board Members to supply way. Control of the entity is non lost. hence. three ) Reporting Structures as a Control Mechanism This is a construction in an organisation that indicates duties of every function participant and the coverage lines. It is known as an â€Å"organo-gram† or the â€Å"Organization Chart† . The Board of Directors at the top with Sub-Committees below it. It requires that the Sub-Committees study to the Board. The Chief executive officer on the organo-gram is placed below the Sub-Committees. and below him. all the other staff in order of Seniority and Responsibility. Strict attachment to the coverage structures ensures control. It besides allows the Board to give way on what should be done. The Enron Scandal – lessons learntThe best illustration of what Boards should non make was provided by the Enron Scandal of 2001. The Enron dirt is the most important corporate prostration in the United States. This dirt demonstrates the demand for important reforms in accounting and corporate administration in organisations. every bit good as for a close expression at the ethical quality of the civilization of concern by and large. I shall try to analyze grounds for failure of Enron. one of the most powerful corporate giants in United States history. I ) Conflict of Interest One of the most important dogmas of good corporate administration is the riddance of struggle of involvement. There should non be any struggle between personal involvement an entity’s corporate involvements. At Enron. Arthur Andersen was the external hearer but was besides a adviser to Enron. He did concern with Enron. Enron faced a state of affairs where any payments made to Arthur Anderson in his capacity as a Consultant were subsequently audited by himself as an External Auditor. This clearly led to an unacceptable struggle of involvement. two ) Disproof of Books of HistoriesThe deficiency of attending shown by members of the Enron board of managers to the off-books fiscal entities with which Enron did concern ; and the deficiency of truthfulness by direction about the wellness of the company and its concern operation led to a hapless fiscal province and near – prostration of the entity. Arthur Anderson. in his function as Auditor. admitted before a Congress Sub-Committee to holding falsified the histories and to holding shredded or concealed official histories that related to Enron. three ) The Board’s Failure to Monitor One of the rule functions of the Board of Directors is to supervise and measure the public presentation of an endeavor to guarantee that stockholders get a just return on their investing and that the endeavor itself survives. At Enron. the Board was paid inordinate sums as wage. This gave them small motive and inducement to closely supervise what direction was making. They failed to protect share-holder wealth. The blazing deficiency of moralss at Enron was in malice of the being of a Code of Ethics. Sub – Committees of the Board. Performance Contracts. Audit and Risk Monitoring Committees and all the control measures. The deficiency of moralss and what came to be known as â€Å"reckless greed† on the portion the Board and Management continued and was abetted by the Board. The Oxley Act. 2002 Following the Enron corporate and accounting dirt in the USA. Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ( Sarbanes-Oxley ) . Sarbanes-Oxley established new and enhanced criterions for corporate answerability in the USA. Even where an entity’s corporate administration construction was believed to be robust and in line with best pattern. alterations were necessary to guarantee conformity with Sarbanes-Oxley. Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley. who drafted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. sought to put farther answerability. better corporate administration and ethical behaviour in companies. The Oxley Act. 2002 had the undermentioned new steps: 1. Created a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to implement professional criterions. moralss. and competency for the accounting profession ; 2. Strengthened the independency of houses that audit public companies ; 3. Increased corporate duty and usefulness or corporate fiscal revelation ; 4. Increased punishments for corporate error ; 5. Protected the objectiveness and independency of securities analysts ; and 6. Increased Securities and Exchange Commission resources 7.Prohibited the allowing personal loans to members of the Board and Management Staff. Enron collapsed as a consequence of corporate misbehaviour. If anything came out of the Enron Scandal it is that the dirt itself heightened consciousness of the importance of unity in Accounting and Business in general. Ethically. the Enron Scandal led to the passage of the most important pieces of statute law associated with inadvertence of corporate moralss. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act. 2002. Mentions Board of Directors http//Wikipedia. org ( accessed on 24th July. 2012 ) Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ( COSO ) . Enterprise Risk Management – Integrated Framework. September 2004. New York. NY HSBC Group: Internal Control: Revised Guidance for Directors on the Combined Code: HSBC Group 1992 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act. 2002 U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Address by SEC Chairman: Address to the Council of Institutional Investors. 2009 Zameeruddin. R ; The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: An Overview. Analysis. and Caveats. Northwestern Illinois University. Illinois. USA

Theology Of Genesis 1-11 Essays - Phoenician Mythology,

Theology Of Genesis 1-11 (A) Introduction Pentateuch is considered to be the most important part in the Old Testament. It recorded the account of creation, the fall of man, the Law Code as well as the experience of the Ancient Israel. Among them Genesis is the first book recorded incidents happened from the creation of the world to Joseph's time. In chapter one to eleven, the origin of the world and human race are introduced and in chapter twelve onwards are the stories of the Ancestors. In this passage, we will concentrate in discussing the theology of chapter one to eleven which contained much valuable and important message for the readers who were probably Israelites in post-exilic period (which would be discussed later). In order to understand the text it is important to have some knowledge about the background of the readers as the author should compose his work under their background so that they may understand easily. Hence brief introduction of the background of Ancient Israelites and Genesis as well as its authorship would be given before we go into discussing its theology. The discussion will be within four topics ---(a) Yahweh has supreme authority and power, (b) Man---as image of God, (c) Mankind's failure and God's reaction and (d) Creation---a continuing process. (B) Background of Canaanites' Religion and Ancient Israelites Both Biblical record and archeological evidence showed that beside the Israelites, there were many other people living in Palestine. They included Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaim, Amorites, Canaanites, Girga*censored*es and Jebusites. In this passage, they are all regarded as Canaanites. Basically, the Canaanites' religions are polytheistic. They believed in many gods in many different levels including those national god, functional gods and family gods or ancestors. In the following paragraphs, a brief introduction of Canaanites' religions would be given as a background for the studies of religion of ancient Israelites. Religion in Ancient Near East Although the gods they worshipped were different, tribes in Ancient Near East did have similar although not exactly the same doctrines. As mentioned above, their religions are polytheistic. Each god in their religion had different function and statues. They had different characters and might fight among themselves. We are going to discuss the religion in Canaan and Babylon as examples. One point must be noted is that the functions of the gods in Canaan are closely related to natural phenomena . For example, Baal Hadad was known as the thunder god who was responsible for raining. Other examples included El Elyon who was known as the sun god , Yamm who was the god of the sea and Mot who was the god of death . Some of the gods were related to daily life. For instant, Anath was the goddess of war and Astarte was known as the goddess of love and fertility and also of war. Another function of Baal was related to fertility. The Canaanites always explained natural phenomena using myths. The alternation of the seasons and the death and renewal of vegetation were believed to be explained through the following myth. When Baal had his temple built, he sent a message to the god of death Mot in which he threatened Mot's life. After that there was a struggle between Mot and Baal and Baal was killed in the battle. After some times Baal's sister Anath went down to the underworld and defeated Mot. Baal was resurrected from death and returned to his power to bring about raining to the Earth. The Canaanites believed that the death and resurrection of Baal happened every year. The defeat of Baal indicated the death of vegetation due to winter frosts or summer drought. The resurrection of Baal revealed the vegetation grew because of annual or seasonal flooding. In this myth, one could easily observe that other that a thunder god, Baal was also a god of fertility. In the sight of the people in Ancient Near East, men were just the slaves of gods. For instance, in Babylon, people believed that mankind was created only because of the laziness of gods . The gods created men so that they could take over their work and serve them. The gods needed the sacrifice of men. However, due to the

Prehistoric Homo Essays - Human Evolution, Humans, Free Essays

Prehistoric Homo Essays - Human Evolution, Humans, Free Essays Prehistoric Homo sapiens not only made and used stone tools, they also specialized them and made a variety of smaller, more complex, refined and specialized tools including composite stone tools, fishhooks and harpoons, bows and arrows, spear throwers and sewing needles. For millions of years all humans, early and modern alike, had to find their own food. They spent a large part of each day gathering plants and hunting or scavenging animals. By 164,000 years ago modern humans were collecting and cooking shellfish and by 90,000 years ago modern humans had begun making special fishing tools. Then, within just the past 12,000 years, our species, Homo sapiens, made the transition to producing food and changing our surroundings. Humans found they could control the growth and breeding of certain plants and animals. This discovery led to farming and herding animals, activities that transformed Earths natural landscapesfirst locally, then globally. As humans invested more time in producing food, they settled down. Villages became towns, and towns became cities. With more food available, the human population began to increase dramatically. Our species had been so successful that it has inadvertently created a turning point in the history of life on Earth. Modern humans evolved a unique combination of physical and behavioral characteristics, many of which other early human species also possessed, though not to the same degree. The complex brains of modern humans enabled them to interact with each other and with their surroundings in new and different ways. As the environment became more unpredictable, bigger brains helped our ancestors survive. They made specialized tools, and use tools to make other tools, as described above; they ate a variety of animal and plant foods; they had control over fire; they lived in shelters; they built broad social networks, sometimes including people they have never even met; they exchanged resources over wide areas; and they created art, music, personal adornment, rituals, and a complex symbolic world. Modern humans have spread to every continent and vastly expanded their numbers. They have altered the world in ways that benefit them greatly. But this transformation has unintended consequences for othe r species as well as for ourselves, creating new survival challenges. Early human beings left Africa over 1 million years ago Humans have incredibly low genetic diversity You may be part Neanderthal The human population crashed about 80,000 years ago Humans navigated the Indian ocean in boats 50,000 years ago Homo sapiens has only had a culture for less than 50,000 years Homo sapiens has always used fire as a tool Homo sapiens is still evolving rapidl

Television Violence and its Impact on Society essayEssay Writing Service

Television Violence and its Impact on Society essayEssay Writing Service Television Violence and its Impact on Society essay Television Violence and its Impact on Society essayMany people believe that television violence has a negative effect on society because it promotes violence. Do you agree or disagree?Today, the impact of television on the audience is still significant that raises the public concerns about the possible negative impact of television violence on society (Machlis Forney, 2010). On the other hand, some people argue that the negative impact of television on society is insignificant because people are rational and can distinguish the real world from the imaginary one. However, the television violence does have the negative impact on society because people see violence on the regular basis. As a result, they grow accustomed to violence and take it for granted. If they see violence on television over and over again they start believing that violence is a norm and comprises an integral part of their life.In fact, people become vulnerable to the impact of television because, if they see viol ence, for instance, they may grow disturbed about cases of violence occurring in society. Steadily people may grow anxious about their own safety and start expecting violent and aggressive behavior from the part of their social environment. Eventually, they may slip to the aggressive and violent behavior as the means of self-defense and, more important, they steadily learn that the aggressive and violent behavior is a norm since they watch violence on television day after day and there is no effective counteraction to the violence in society.On the other hand, it is possible to argue that people should be reasonable and rational in the perception of the information which they receive from mass media, including television. Therefore, they should not necessarily behave in the violent way as they watch other people behave on television.In fact, people live in society and they respect existing social norms and standards (Moy, et al., 1999). Therefore, if violence is anti-social, then th ey will never behave in a violent or aggressive way, unless they are inclined to the anti-social behavior because of some reasons (Machlis Forney, 2010). Instead, they behave in the rational way and respect social norms, while the violence on television cannot change the existing social norms and values. People are just living according to rules and legal norms that are acceptable within their community.However, arguments of opponents of the belief that television violence cannot have a negative impact on society are inconsistent because they apparently underestimate the depth of the impact of television on the audience (Lawson Stowell, 2009). If people are always exposed to the violence on television, they stop perceiving it as something abnormal. In fact, the normal psychological reaction of the average viewer on violence is repulsion. However, if that viewer watch the violence on television over and over again, it becomes less shocking, until the moment, when the viewer perceiv es the violence as a norm. As the attitude of the viewer on the violence on television evolves, so does change the viewer’s attitude to violence in the real world (Lawson Stowell, 2009). The viewer just starts believing that violence is not abnormal but a routine part of social life. Therefore, the viewer starts believing that violence is a plausible means of resolution of any problems fast.In addition, viewers are vulnerable to the impact of violence from the early childhood. As a result, children are also vulnerable to the impact of violence on television (Moy, et al., 1999). At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that children perceive television in a different way compared to adults. They cannot always distinguish the real world and fiction on television. They cannot clearly say what is good and what is right because their personality and values are just forming. As a result, the exposure of children to violence leads to the development of negative behavioral pat terns, such as violence and aggression that influence their social relations and may cause deviant behavior.Thus, the violence on television is dangerous because it has a negative impact on society. Arguments of those, who believe that violence on television does not have negative impact on society, are inconsistent because people cannot always think rationally and perceive the information they receive from television critically. Moreover, they learn negative behavioral patterns and become violent and aggressive under the impact of the violence on television. In such a way, the violence on television does have a negative impact on people, their behavior and social relations.

Visual Anaylsis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Visual Anaylsis - Essay Example During these processes, they ensure that their work has the necessary visual appeal and is effective rhetorically. This paper will lucidly analyze the provided two photos, in A and B, and come up with the author’s intended message. Part A In the photo, is a woman dressed elegantly in a white robe, a necklace, and golden bangles. She has a white cloth with golden spots all over it. On the right hand-side of the beautiful woman is a pot of fish. There is a black cat trying to het some fish out of the pot. The cat has white spots at the mouth regions. It uses its right forward limb in the attempt to extract fish from the pot. The pot has translucent feature exposing the fish inside to the viewers. The woman is gazing directly at the viewers, an implication that the camera angle was a large one allowing for the direct and non-oblique photography (Plett, 2004 p 88). According to her dressing code, jewelries, and posture, it is arguably true that the woman has sexy or romantic look. On the other hand, she portrays some innocence in her face. Moreover, the color of her dressing suggests another aspect of love. She has a golden shiny and attractive dress. Romance, in works of arts, is always considered or depicted through the wearing or putting on of attractive and colorful dressings such as orange, yellow, and golden, like in this case. Attraction in the clothing is boosted by the attractive look on the woman’s face. The direct gaze of the woman also suggests the act or the attribute of courageousness. The framing of the photograph allowed for the full exposure of the woman’s face, while hiding other parts, especially the legs. Most people consider facial expression and outlook before being driven by sexual desires towards the opposite genders (Redding, 1987 p29). It is, therefore, conclusive that the woman has a sexually attractive face that is suggestive to the opposite sex. The author of this photo has also portrayed his excellence in the appli cation of colors to communicate his messages to the people. To begin with, the background color in the photo is a mixture of red and black. Red is the most distributed in the photo. However, its visibility is hindered by the black color that submerged it. Red color, as stated earlier, has a symbolic meaning of love and romance (Needman, 1999 p 98). The idea of black or dark color covering it implies that the virtues of love in a given society are seriously interfered with. The fish in the pot have light red colors depicting another meaning in the photo. Red color, in artistry has two major symbolic meanings. First, it represents love as thematic concern of the photo author. Secondly, it is a color of blood, normally portraying danger, as a theme in literature. In this case, the fish in the pot are faced with the danger of death approaching them as the cat struggles to get its meal out of their bodies. The cat has a black color. Black, in works of art, depicts the theme of uncertaint y and unacceptable immoral behaviors in the society. Finally, the author has also used white color; the cat’s mouth has white coloration. Coloration, in works of arts, not only gives photos attractive and visible looks, they also enhance or facilitate the author’s thematic messages to the people. In this case, bright golden color serves the purpose of enhancing the theme of love or romance in the author’s society. The submerged red color does the same. Black color

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Company Law - Essay Example They have a liability over the customers who were taken seriously ill for consuming a test product. Since at this time the company ownership had not been legally completed, it is the real Ale that should take legal responsibility for this action. It is additional to the fact that real ale had been registered to produce ale only. As such, it was a legal mistake when as a director, Grace decided to produce lager and test it using the consumers of the company. The sole object4 of the company was to produce and sell Real ale only and desist from the production and brewing of lager. It can be considered that she, on behalf of the company, acted beyond its capacity by getting involved in an activity other than that which was expressed as the main commercial purpose for which the company was formed. Her action thus acted as a breach of an express term5 that was included in the in the document as an â€Å"Article of Association†6 during the formation of the agreement. She, together wi th Realale, subsequently bear legal liability against the patients involved in the â€Å"sick seven† episode since the brewing of larger is in this case deemed to be ultra vires and void. It is because it was done in contrast to what the scope of the company’s objects clause describes. In addition, as a consumer, the affected individuals bear the legal right to purchase products that have been proven to be safe and not likely to cause any harm to their health7. As such, since the supervision was done by Grace on behalf of the company it is legally unethical to produce a test product without consulting the other board members and presenting it to the consumers. In this case, it can be established that she used the company as a mere facade to enhance her interests to surprise her fellow directors. As a director, she is liable to the rest of the shareholders by making the company to act against its objects. Moreover, this action was not valid between the company and the t hird party who constitute its customers. It is on these grounds that the company can be held liable for the violation of consumer rights. In this case, Realale should be considered liable for negligence by the company and one of its directors should take responsibility for any costs incurred by the company over the void transaction. As partners in the company, Realale lack a limited liability for the liabilities and debts in the firm. Since there was a legally binding agreement between Real Ale and Elena’s father; Harry, during the purchase of the cars, it is the responsibility of its shareholders to ensure that the payment is made as expected. This would ensure that the agreement is converted into an executed and complete contract8. Additionally, the time indicated in the agreement for payment should be appropriately observed. In this sense, Big Brew has a legal right to claim this payment from the assets possessed by Realale. Nonetheless, as was revealed in Lee v Lee Air Fa rming Ltd the shareholders of a company are not liable for the debts and liabilities of the company9. It is for this reason that the Realale shareholders are not liable to the creditors of the subsequent Big Brew Company. They only owe liability to the company and not to the individual creditors of the company. This is because they are

Financial Analysis of Ted Baker & Burberry Essay Example for Free

Financial Analysis of Ted Baker Burberry Essay INTRODUCTION Burberry is a global luxury brand offering menswear, womenswear, childrenswear, coats, dresses, shoes, accessories, bags, scarves, beauty and fragrance. The quintessentially British brand was first founded as an outerwear brand, well known for its iconic Burberry trench coat and distinct tartan print. The brand has over 497 directly operated stores and concessions operating in 32 countries; and via a third-party distribution network- 70 franchise stores in an additional 28 countries and approximately 1,400 wholesale department and specialty store doors in over 80 countries (as at 31 March 2014). The brand continues to develop its presence in existing and  under-penetrated markets. THE BASICS Burberry was founded by Thomas Burberry in 1855 in Hamphire England and remained an independent company until 1955, when it was taken over by Great Universal Studios (GUS). In 2005, GUS divested its remaining interest in Burberry. Burberry Group PLC was initially floated on the London Stock Exchange in July 2002. In 2013/2014, Burberry had a turnover of  £2,330 million (up 16.5% from the previous year), recording a profit before tax of  £461 million (up 7.7% from the previous year). The company employs 9698 employees across 34 countries and is headquartered in London. The accounts are presented in GBP, which is Burberrys functional currency. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange under the ticker BRBY with a market capitalization of GBP6822.43 Million. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the EU. The accounts have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP with no reservations. MANAGEMENT CHANGES On the management side, the most significant change is the departure CEO Angela Ahrendt in April 2014 who left Burberry (to join Apple). Ahrendt the CEO since 2006 has lead the successful transformation of the company, tripling revenue three-fold during her tenure. Ahrendt was succeeded by Christopher Bailey, Chief Creative Officer (CCO) who has been with Burberry since 2001. Bailey holds the roles of CEO and CCO and his appointment as CEO is considered a natural progression. Other important changes include, the changes of the CFO and COO, and the appointment of three new non-executive directors. The new board appointments focus on evolving the Boards relevant skills and competencies for the future under its succession plan. THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT After three years of double digit growth, analyst estimated that the luxury sector growth slowed to 2% in 2013. This was in part due to a slowdown in China (the worlds 4th largest luxury market), in light of government policy changes on gift giving and the Chinese consumer increasingly shifting luxury consumption abroad (which has in turn help drive luxury sales in the rest of Asia and Europe). Whilst Burberry is a luxury brand, note that its growing beauty and fragrance lines are attainable luxury and has the capacity for resilience in unfavourable economic conditions. Burberrys five strategic themes which have sustained its growth during the period include:[1: Claudia DArpizio, Bain Report: Luxury Goods Worldwide Market Study Spring 2014 ]

The Impact on America of Turkish, Greek and Italian Immigrants and Thei

The Impact on America of Turkish, Greek and Italian Immigrants and Their Respective Cultures My Big Fat Greek Wedding, The Godfather, The Italian Job, Roberto Benigni, Mario Andretti, Frank Capra, spaghetti, gelato, Turkish baths.? What do all of these have in common All of them are well known parts of American culture, yet they have all been influenced and inspired by Italian, Greek, and Turkish immigrants and their respective cultures.? Because America is a melting pot of cultures, it is understandable that each participating culture brings its own unique flavor to the mix.? Three of the most evident portions of American society, entertainment, food, and religion are also probably the three portions most affected by the infusion of new immigrants and culture.? This influence is especially evident when the immigrants concerned hail from the countries of Turkey, Italy, and Greece.? Their impact is wide reaching and long-lasting. My Big Fat Greek Wedding was the fifth highest grossing movie in the US in 2002, and is the highest grossing independent movie ever.? The only movies that brought in more money were all special effects intensive such as Spider-Man, The Lord of The Rings:? The Two Towers, and Star Wars:? Episode Two.? My Big Fat Greek Wedding instead focused on the simple story of a Greek woman falling in love with a non-Greek man and the way in which they attempt to blend their very different backgrounds.? Nia Vardalos, the writer and star of the movie, is the descendent of Greek immigrants and clearly applied her own cultural background and experience to the movie. Audiences learned how most Greek children in America attend Greek school, Greek families are very close, and that there is an expectation f... ... immigrants as well as subsequent generations.? The traditions of various cultures, especially Italian, Greek, and Turkish cultures are evident in the history of the American movie.? Our diet is also largely comprised of ethnic foods, particularly Italian.? The various places of worship available to parishioners also exemplify the impact of immigrants.? Without the countless interactions between varying cultures, America would not be the multi-faceted country that it is.? America truly is a melting pot of countries, and as each of these countries continue to contribute aspects of their culture, the diversity and uniqueness of America will continue to increase. Works Cited: http://www.immigrationforum.org/pubs/articles/immigrantsinnews2001.htm http://www.imdb.com http://www.turkish-delight.com/ Buscaglia, Leo. Papa, My Father. New Jersey: SLACK, 1989.

Importance of Symbolism in Timothy Findley’s “War”.

Young people often do not know what to expect of the future. They do not know how to act when something unexpected comes along, and their actions are based on what they do know; usually limited, biased information. This idea is central to the short story, ? War,? by Timothy Findley. The young boy, Neil Cable, narrates the day he found out his father had joined the army. He speaks of his actions, feelings, and confusion surrounding that day. At first glance, his actions are all too often misinterpreted as violence and hatred, but after careful consideration, one can see that they are merely his way of dealing with the troubling news.He has not experienced enough in his lifetime to have a true understanding of war, and acts upon what he does know. In the short story, ? War? , by Timothy Findley, the young boy’s image of war and actions throughout are explained through the use of symbolism. Many symbols in the story give the reader an idea of the war that Neil pictures in his min d. He sees the war to be incredibly violent, and full of blood and anger. This image is shown through the mention of trenches. The word is used repeatedly in the story, suggesting that Neil is very much aware of what happens at war.When Neil is hiding from his father, he builds a trench out of hay in the barn, suggesting that subconsciously, he is trying to prepare his father for what is to come. He thinks that if he can show his father what it is like to be in the army, maybe he will back out. As a young boy, he knows only what he has seen or heard about, which focuses on the violence and danger of going to war. This idea sparks fear within Neil, resulting in anger and rebellion. Another important symbol that shows Neil’s image of war is the stones that he finds at Arthur Robinson’s summer cottage.They are red stones, and he later uses them to throw at his father, trying to keep him away. The stones may symbolize bullets, making the confrontation between Neil and his father in the barn much more important. He throws them at his father, not necessarily trying to do harm, but trying to scare him so maybe he will change his mind about going to war. The colour of the stones is also significant; they are red, a colour which is known to symbolize anger, hurt, and passion.These are all emotions that Neil knows will run through his father while he is away at war. Interestingly, they are also the feelings that rage inside of Neil while he creates a plan of attack against his father. The stones, along with Neil’s actions with them, suggest that Neil is trying to prepare his father for the extreme violence that lies ahead of him. When hiding away in the barn, Neil continuously acts like his father will while he is gone; ? I was just trying to figure out how I could get him before he saw me-and that was all? (Dawe 133).Neil does not realize the meaning of his actions, but as a reader one can see that something deep down inside of him is trying to cre ate a scene of the war; this is his way of demonstrating his feelings and disapproval of his father going to war. Uncle Frank and the birch bark box show that all Neil knows about war is that people come back hurt. He does not want to accept the fact that his father has joined the army, because in his mind it means that he will never see his father again. The only story that Neil knows about being in the army is about his Uncle Frank, who did years after coming home due to war injuries.Neil knows that his uncle never got his life back after getting hurt, and thinks that everyone who joins the war ends up the same way. After finding out his father has joined the army, and recalling the memory of his Uncle Frank, Neil states: ? †¦in the army you always went in a trench and got hurt or killed? (Dawe 124). Neil has never heard an uplifting story about war, so in his mind anyone who joins the army is giving up their life. This idea is confirmed by the birch bark box that Neil gives to both his parents.This box could symbolize a coffin, showing that Neil truly is afraid of losing his father. He wants to make sure that he gets the box before leaving for the army, so that he has it with him when he dies. The box is mentioned at the end of the story, when Neil says that the family picture taken before his father left still remins in the box, suggesting that Neil’s fears become a reality. These two symbols show Neil’s lack of knowledge about war, and explain why he acts the way he does; he thinks that his father signing up for the army means that he will never see him again.Neil’s fear of ducks and the dark suggest that he is afraid of the future; he knows that anything could happen once his father leaves for war. His fear of the future is the reason he runs away and hides in the barn. He thinks that if he can keep things the way they are that the future would remain the way he imagined it would be. Neil says multiple times in the story that he is afraid of ducks. Ducks are migratory birds; they are constantly leaving and returning. Although they travel in bunches, it is common for not all of the ducks to return every year. This pattern is very much like the army.They come and go, some staying for longer periods of time, and some never returning at all. Neil is afraid of this uncertainty with his father; he does not want to live in fear f his father never returning home, or of never knowing what will happen next. Neil also states that he is very much afraid of the dark. He does not like not knowing what it in front of him, and wants to always be able to see what is coming. This is very important when analysing Neil’s fears. The reader knows that he does not adjust well to change, and is very uncomfortable when dealing with the unknown.He says: ? At least, if you sit still you know where you are- but if you move around, then you don’t know where you are? (Dawe 12). This statement tells the reader that Neil is also worried about the change in his life. If things do not change, then he knows what is going to happen, but as soon as thigns are different, life becomes a guessing game. these fears are the reason that Neil acts the way he does; he does not know how to deal with the uncertainty of the future and thus portrays a very angry, confused young boy.When Neil Cable receives the news that his father has joined the army, he lashes out at him and seems to be a very troubles young boy. After examining the story, one can see that this behaviour is the result of being young, naive, and unaware of the world around him. His knowledge about war is limited, and causes him to react with violence and aggression, but the reader soon realizes that this is the only way he knows how to deal with his fear. By interpreting the many symbols in the short story, ?War? , one can see that Neil Cable’s image of war consists of violence, possible death, and an unknown future. The story is based upon the idea that young people are not experienced enough to deal with difficult situations; simply because they have not lived long enough. They pften react in very unexpected and sometimes troublesome ways. In order to understand their actions, one needs to see things from a child’s perspective: innocent, naive, and in the process of learning about the world around them.

Case: Supply Chain Management and Application Software Packages

Info from case total revenue for last reporting = 110 million cio reviewed 3 following implementation strategies: -classic disintermediation – removal of intermediaries in a supply chain. connects supplier directly with customers -remediation-working more closely with ecisting middlemen partners. strategy could be affected by high contracting risks. -network-building alliances and partnerships with both existing and new suppliers and distributors involving a complex set of relationships. Networks tended to reduce search costs for obtaining information, products and services. selected remidiation – because it best fits the firms goal of simplifying data sharing throughout the supply chain -also had longterm and positive relationship with its primary distributors, which would ameliorate the high contracting risk. â€Å"The firm purchased stock woods from a number of producers and processed them to meet specific customer specifications. Approx. 60 percent of woodsynergy s ales were in high-end furniture† Problems 1 – Choice of implementation plan is wrong – LONG TERM -CIO chose remediation because it best fit the firm's goal of simplifying data sharing throughout the supply chain; furthermore, the CIO noted that woodsynergy had a long-term and positive relationship with its primary distributors which would ameliorate the high contracting risk issue† -the best way of simplifying data sharing is eliminating any unnecessary party that the information needs to travel to. -remove the distributors and engage the customers directly -who are we to decide how your existing distributors will feel after you amend any contracts to include any new information system to the SCM that ultimately creates more overhead for them? the business model of woodsynergy suggests that â€Å"the firm was committed to delivering information to the right people at the right time so that strategic and operational decisions were made properly and quicklyà ¢â‚¬  -benefit going national prevented by local distributors – if woodsynergy engages their end users directly it will promote better customer relationships as well as open potential national and international markets/ Causes -long-term relationships with distributors -contracts with distributors -CIO decision seems biased Alternatives choose classic intermediation -stay with remediation -choose networking Solution: Chose Classic intermediation †¢Removes the middleman †¢The middle man share shift to suppliers, Woodsynergy and to the customer, making the company more profitable and increasing the customer loyalty †¢Efficiency – instead of suppliers shipping first to the Woodsynergy and then Woodsynergy shipping the products to the customer, supplier can ship straight to the customer Implementation: (implanting the plan – find the need, develop the program, and implement it and the evaluate it) Business need †¢System investigation †¢Syst em analysis †¢System design †¢Proframming and testing †¢Implementation †¢Operation and mainenance 2 – Prototype Built – short term problem *** -â€Å"due to budget and time constraints the project team chose to build a gateway prototype without addressing problems of integrity and timeliness with the systems data. The project team decided to improve the data quality at a future date† – customers data needs to be secure. Period. For any duration no matter how short. â€Å"Two of the key drivers included in gateway design were data standardization and real-time interface† -It should be real-time interface and data integrity as aligned with Woodsynergy’s business goals. -release data standardization at a later time instead of data integrity Causes -budget -time constraint -phase 1 of prototype does not directly correlate to business goals Alternatives -cloud system from 3rd party -key drivers in phase 1 = data integrity and real-time interface/data standardization at future date/release †¢Application software packages – off the shelves. ONE MORE alt Solution: †¢Application software packages – off the shelves. oPrewritten, pre-coded application software commercially available for sale oA lot of choices, with rating/reviews from its customers/users oOther companies are already using them oSome software companies even let you try them oQuicker solution, gives the it team to work on the bigger problem or new software oIt may be cheaper than labour and resources spent building prototype that may put company`s customer`s information at risk Implementation – . Identify potential vendors 2. Determine the evaluation criteria a. Functionality of the software b. Cost and financial terms c. Vendor`s reputation – success stories/customer reviews d. System flexibility e. Security f. Required training g. Data handling h. Ease of internet interface i. User friendly 3. Evaluate ven dors and packages 4. Chose vendor and package 5. Negotiate a contract 6. Implement the software 7. Train the staff/users 3 – Project Team Questionable – Short term and Long term? *** Causes launched multiple it based supply chain management initiatives -researched how gateways are used in their business and understand the different of technology on the internet† in first few weeks – this should take a few days at most -phase 1 of prototype not aligned with business goals –decision criteria— this is what I think would be the criteria, we can discuss if you have others *** -budget – need better coaching on team goal and better planning -increase customer satisfaction -be consistent with corporate mission -Time constraint – implement fairly quickly -improve profits within acceptable risk parameters Solution – BE consistent with corporate mission Implementation †¢Be consistent with corporate mission oTrain and remind the m in every morning huddles oBefore implementing the any new plan or developing new software or making the decision to devolve a new software, correlate it with the business strategy oDelegate effectively to team members oHold them accountable – stay on top of their performance oGive the team budget – quarterly yearly or project based – so there will not be any wastages Source: /http://plato. acadiau. ca/courses/Busi/IntroBus/CASEMETHOD. html/

Free Essays on Marx And Weber

Compare and contrast Marx and Weber During the nineteenth century, Karl Marx and Max Weber were two of the most influential sociologist. Both their views on the rise of capitalism have various similarities and differences. They believe that capitalism is relatively new to the modern world. Their views differ on the rise of capitalism. Regardless of Marx and Weber’s differences, both theorists agree that capitalism is a system of highly impersonal relations. Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818 to the father of a Jewish lawyer. As a young student Marx often read works written by Hegel. From school, Marx wrote to his father of his feelings on Hegel. He had found a disliking for those Hegelians who sought to â€Å"draw atheistic and revolutionary conclusions from Hegel’s philosophy† (Granat Encyclopedia, pg.153) In order to better understand the views of Marx we must look at the philosophy of Hegel. German philosophy in the nineteenth century was dominated by the ideas of Hegel. Hegel’s philosophy was based on the concept of idealism. By looking at prior philosophers one will see that Hegel’s philosophy was similar to that of Immanuel Kant. Kant was interested in the study of knowledge. Kant had argued, that ideas or concepts are apriori. Apriori ideas are one which exist before one’s knowledge of the world, that is ideas are not empirical. Hegel’s philosophy was an expansion on the philosophy of Kant. Hegel believed that apriori knowledge came from â€Å"geist† or the holy spirit. History, according to Hegel, consisted of a set of ideas or a thesis. For every thesis there was an opposite set of ideas or an antithesis. It is through this contradiction that a new set of ideas or a synthesis are born. The synthesis of the thesis and the antithesis forms Hegel’s theory of the dialectic. History was a set of arguments or a â€Å"dialectic† which would then define a new era in history. Between Hegel and Marx came Ludwig Feuer... Free Essays on Marx And Weber Free Essays on Marx And Weber Compare and contrast Marx and Weber During the nineteenth century, Karl Marx and Max Weber were two of the most influential sociologist. Both their views on the rise of capitalism have various similarities and differences. They believe that capitalism is relatively new to the modern world. Their views differ on the rise of capitalism. Regardless of Marx and Weber’s differences, both theorists agree that capitalism is a system of highly impersonal relations. Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818 to the father of a Jewish lawyer. As a young student Marx often read works written by Hegel. From school, Marx wrote to his father of his feelings on Hegel. He had found a disliking for those Hegelians who sought to â€Å"draw atheistic and revolutionary conclusions from Hegel’s philosophy† (Granat Encyclopedia, pg.153) In order to better understand the views of Marx we must look at the philosophy of Hegel. German philosophy in the nineteenth century was dominated by the ideas of Hegel. Hegel’s philosophy was based on the concept of idealism. By looking at prior philosophers one will see that Hegel’s philosophy was similar to that of Immanuel Kant. Kant was interested in the study of knowledge. Kant had argued, that ideas or concepts are apriori. Apriori ideas are one which exist before one’s knowledge of the world, that is ideas are not empirical. Hegel’s philosophy was an expansion on the philosophy of Kant. Hegel believed that apriori knowledge came from â€Å"geist† or the holy spirit. History, according to Hegel, consisted of a set of ideas or a thesis. For every thesis there was an opposite set of ideas or an antithesis. It is through this contradiction that a new set of ideas or a synthesis are born. The synthesis of the thesis and the antithesis forms Hegel’s theory of the dialectic. History was a set of arguments or a â€Å"dialectic† which would then define a new era in history. Between Hegel and Marx came Ludwig Feuer...

How To Avoid Costly Mistakes In Influencer Marketing With Shane Barker

How To Avoid Costly Mistakes In Influencer Marketing With Shane Barker Did you do a lot of stupid things when you were a kid? Did you get caught and yelled at? Was your #1 go-to argument: Well, my buddy was doing it first only to be told, â€Å"Well, if your friend jumped off a bridge, would you do it, too?† As a kid, there are certain people who influence and inspire you. As you get older, that doesn’t change. About 92% of consumers trust earned media, such as word-of-mouth and recommendations from friends and family, more so than any other form of advertising. The result: Influencer marketing. Today, we’re talking to Shane Barker, a digital marketing consultant who specializes in influencer marketing. He shares the top three things needed to execute a successful influencer marketing strategy, as well as pitfalls to avoid. Influencer marketing is the practice of using social media influencers to promote your brand, Website, or products Social media influencers have some type of influence over their followers, who trust and believe in them for information and guidance Don’t look at the follower count; number of followers incentivizes who is an influencer, but fake followers are used to make that happen Brands that use influencer marketing successfully include LinkedIn and LikeToKnowIt Software can be used to find influencers consider engagement rates and profiles, not â€Å"likes†; conduct research to build a long-term relationship Pitfalls to Avoid: Don’t go after the influencer with the largest following and spend time selecting and setting expectations for an influencer Measure success of influencer marketing via affiliate codes/links, Website/landing page traffic, brand mentions, engagement rates, etc. Future of Influencer Marketing: How to scale this type of marketing, develop a win-win strategy, and educate brands on how to find influencers Links: Shane Barker Shane Barker’s Email Content Solutions Global Trust in Advertising and Brand Messages LinkedIn The Sophisticated Marketer’s Guide to LinkedIn Liketoknow.it Grin Influence.co Fiverr Send suggested AMP topics and guests If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Shane Barker: â€Å"Influencer marketing is essentially the practice of using social media influencers to promote your brand, Website, or products.† â€Å"These people have some type of influence over their following.† â€Å"Not all engagement is good engagement. Is that an influencer you want to have your name associated with?† That’s one of the big questions is like, Oh, what do I pay an influencer? Well, it really depends. It really depends on the influencer because each one of them run their business differently.

Legal and Ethical Considerations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal and Ethical Considerations - Research Paper Example The document is significant because both the contractor and the client  are protected  in terms of legal and ethical issues. Contracts  provide  terms and conditions that are either verbal or written (Susan and Katherine, 2000). In this context, we  review  how conflicts arise due to disagreements between the client and the contractor whereby part of the  crucial  details  has been omitted  in the contract documents and; therefore, this eventually affects the  progress  of the intended project. In the project, that  is intended  to help the community and the hospital by the provision of water supply whereby a water reservoir is to built, the contractor and the management team of the BAMC disagree on the ongoing  project  of  reservoir  construction. The disagreement occurred because the location of the reservoir  is situated  on  hard  granite rocks that require  expertise  and heavy machinery to blast the rocks before construction  i s commenced. ... Some of the mutual solutions that the contractor and the management team decided include the relocation of the reservoir site. The  reservoir  is supposed  to help the community and the hospital; therefore, the location should be at a central location. On the other side, if the  entire  location  is composed  of the hard rocks, then the  management  personnel of BAMC should reconsider the  compensation  of the contractors because the rocky  place  will require heavy  machinery  for blasting the rocks and this may be quite  costly  to the contractors. For a  consensus  to be achieved, both parties need to  comply  to the need of the other so that no  party  feels oppressed. A matter of  vast  concern  to contractors is how they can  make  stability  between quality and  security  against expenditure. Contractors  want  to  plan  a product that is of high quality but the  business  administrators  want  to  maintain  a low cost in the expense of quality product. At the end of this, various issues, which include business, official, and ethical issues, arise (Creswell, 2002). The  business  matters evolve around what organizations must do in order to  compete  in the business sector. The officially authorized and  moral  issues centers around what the organization should do. The contractor has a legal  responsibility  to  grant  safe  services and products. However, the contractor is legally responsible only for contractual  indemnity  and not for any additional destruction that the client may incur.  Although if the contractor commits fraud  deliberately, then he or she may be criminally  accountable  for the fraud committed. There are  various  challenges that are facing

Work environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Work environment - Essay Example This principle can also be applied to the use of new technology. The introduction of new technology requires better coordination in organizations to make use of the new technology. As managers have become aware of the benefits of shifting more responsibility to human resource departments within an organization, this has further led to decentralization and a greater emphasis on teamwork to get the job done. 1. Compare and contrast authority, responsibility, accountability, and delegation a. Authority belongs in the hands of a manager, whose job it is to come up with strategies, delegate responsibility, and use resources in an effective and efficient manner to achieve the objectives of the organization. Authority can be viewed from three view points: (1) Authority comes from structures within an organization, and not directly from people. (2) Authority must be respected by subordinates. This is shown by the acceptance theory of authority, which reasons that authority is only acquired b y a leader if the subordinates follow commands given to them. (3) Authority is appropriate to the particular position involved. Employees higher up the food chain have greater authority than their subordinates. b. b. Responsibility is authority given to carry out an order based on an employee’s position in the organizational hierarchy. c. Accountability is where authority and responsibility meet. d. Delegation is the way management chooses to assign responsibility to those lower than them in the organizational hierarchy. Most organizations encourage their managers to delegate authority to regular employees where possible so that the needs of customers are put first. 2. The divisional structure is often considered almost the opposite of a functional structure. Do you agree? Briefly explain the major differences in these two approaches to departmentalization. The functional structure revolves around common skills, expertise, work activities, and resources. Human resources are pooled together in large functional departments in order to achieve economies of scale and in‑depth skill specialization and development. The efficient use of resources is what defines the functional structure. The divisional structure is entirely different from the functional structure. The divisional structure focuses on product and division goals instead of functional skills and expertise. Despite this, divisional structures use functional departments within each division. Efficiency and economies of scale take a back seat to coordination among all departments and effectiveness in addressing the needs of customers. The key difference between these two structures is that the functional structure offers better efficiency internally but poor responsiveness, while the divisional structure is known for excellent responsiveness and poorer efficiency internally. 3. Define centralization and decentralization. Identify the three factors that typically influence centralization versus decentralization. What advantages does decentralization have over centralization? 1. Centralization and decentralization refer to the different levels of the hierarchy where key decisions are made and responsibility delegated. 2. Centralization means most of the major decisions come from top management (otherwise known as top-down approach).

Problem Definition at Kudler Fine Foods Case Study

Problem Definition at Kudler Fine Foods - Case Study Example With the reasonable success of its first three stores, Kudler desires to expand into other locations in Southern California as well as in San Francisco. It is also planning to expand its products and services offerings with the addition of coffee & tea, a fish counter, and a deli, as well as more aggressively market its catering services. In order to target high-end areas in other cities, Kudler plans to launch an internet website that will eventually have e-commerce capabilities. Several issues have been identified in Kudler's current operations that need to be addressed before it can successfully achieve its future goals. Currently, it deals mainly in perishable goods which require extremely accurate forecasting of inventories so as not to incur losses. Kudler employs some relatively highly paid specialty personnel such as the butcher, the baker and the wine steward, and finding qualified people for a new store or to replace those who leave is difficult, especially so, since Kudler's pay is a bit below average. Kathy Kudler and her small management team may not be able to handle additional stores in farther locations, if their management approach is not adjusted to this situation, which limits their plans for expansion. The Del Mar location is not doing too well and needs to be addressed. Another gourmet shop opening within Kudler's current market areas would definitely pose a threat. And since, Kudler's gourmet products are pricey, an economic decline in i ts geographic area would definitely hurt Kudler. Problem/Opportunity Taking economic decline as the issue in question, this problem can only be solved by preparing for such an eventuality. According to Joseph Ellis (2005), a Goldman Sachs partner, economic cycles or periods of advancing and slowing are the rule and there are 4 stages of economic downturn: the peak, a modest slowing, intensifying worrying, and the advent of recession. Therefore, preparations to help minimize the threat of an economic decline are always worth undertaking so as not to be caught off-guard when it actually happens. Actions to hedge the disadvantageous effects of an economic decline can present opportunities. Kudler needs to carefully choose locations where it will set up additional stores, like identifying high-growth areas where profitable business operations could be better forecasted. These new locations may be in geographically dispersed areas, therefore the need to take a new management approach for managing more widely dispersed operations needs to be considered. Th e introduction and aggressive marketing of new products and services (such as online selling and catering) in its stores not only enhances Kudler's business viability but will also increase customers' patronage of Kudler as it expands into more stores. In the event of an economic decline in a certain geographic location, Kudler would be able to handle its negative effects because of the increased number of profitable stores operating, while actions are being undertaken to relocate a distressed store. End-State Goals The end vision for Kudler consists of several goals that would have

Electromagnetic radiation Essay Example for Free

Electromagnetic radiation Essay Electromagnetic waves are disturbances caused by the oscillation of charged particles. It consists of two parts, an electric field and a magnetic field oscillating perpendicular to each other. The wave is self-sustaining, and propagates at a direction perpendicular to both the electric field and magnetic field. There is a whole spectrum of electromagnetic waves. The ones with the longest wavelengths (range: 1 cm-1km) are the radio waves. After the radio waves, microwaves have the next longest wavelength (range: 1mm-10cm). Then, we have the infrared waves (range: 1 µm-1mm), followed by light (range: 400nm-700nm), ultraviolet rays (range: 1nm-100nm), x-rays (range: 0. 1nm-10nm), and gamma rays, which have the shortest wavelengths amongst the different electromagnetic radiations (range: 0. 01nm-0. 1nm). b. How you determine the temperature, composition, and motion of an object from its light spectrum? Different elements emit and absorb light waves differently. Hence, when viewed through a spectroscope, different elements will have different spectral patterns. The object’s composition is obtained from noting which spectral lines are present or absent. We can also determine the density of the object depending on the amount of lines present in the spectrum. The more lines and the more continuous the spectrum, the denser is the material. On the other hand, the temperature of the object will affect the shapes spectral lines emitted by the object. If objects have high temperatures, their spectral lines will be broader, that is, it is spread over more frequencies than if it had lower temperature. To determine temperature, Finally, the Doppler Shift tells us the motion of the object, whether it is moving away or toward us, and with what speed. When the observed object is moving toward us, the spectral lines we observe occur at shorter wavelengths when we compare it to those measured in the laboratory. This is called â€Å"blueshifted. † On the other hand, if the object is moving away from us we observe the lines to occur at longer wavelengths. In this case we say that the lines are â€Å"redshifted. † The amount of shifting will determine the speed of motion. c. In what way do astronomers infer that the Sun’s energy comes from nuclear fusion reactions? How do we know it does not come from chemical burning? Even though both nuclear fusions and chemical reactions result in the release of energy, nuclear fusions release much more energy than chemical reactions. This is due to the nature of each reaction. Given that the energy that the sun produces is extremely high, it is impossible that chemical reactions are fuelling it, for if that were the case, then the sun will not be producing enough energy to sustain life on Earth. If it were chemical reactions powering it, it would be producing roughly one-millionth of the energy it is producing now. d. Explain how the Sun produces energy by nuclear fusion. Because of the amount of matter present in the sun, it is in danger of imploding. What keeps this from happening, however, is the nuclear fusion that occurs in its core, which is so hot because of the pressure from its mass that is being pulled inwards by gravity. In the core, hydrogen nuclei are forced to come together. This fusion creates helium-4 and energy. Since the resulting He-4 atoms are less massive than the initial hydrogen atoms that fused together, the missing mass is what was transformed into energy. This is best explained by the most famous equation in Physics, E=mc2, which states the equivalence of mass and energy. e. When we look at stars in the sky, we see a wide range of brightness. Explain the factors that would make one star appear brighter than another. There are two factors that affect the brightness of stars in the sky. The first one is the inherent characteristic of the star, which dictates how absolutely bright or luminous it will be. The second factor that affects the way we see stars is their distance from the earth. The farther they are, the dimmer they would appear. This is because the light they emit would need to pass through interstellar matter that could disperse, absorb or reflect the light in different directions. f. Compare the Sun with other stars. The Sun is called such by virtue of its position, that is, it is in the center of the solar system. Technically, however, the sun is also a star. It differs from other stars in its size, temperature, age, and color. The Sun is a dwarf star, about 4. 5 billion years old, and is classified as â€Å"yellow,† which means that it has an average temperature of about 6000 K. Hotter stars are classified as blue-white, while cooler stars are red. g. Consider a star at the upper part of the main sequence (label it Star A) and a star in the lower part of the main sequence (label it Star B). Which is: 1) Larger? Star A 2) More luminous? Star A 3) More massive? Star A 4) Hotter? Star A h. Compare the life spans of low mass stars and high mass stars. Explain why they are different. The life span of low mass stars is longer than the life spans of high mass stars. The reason for this is that the higher the mass of the star, the more hydrogen is needed to undergo fusion to keep the star from collapsing under its own gravitational force. i. What would an imaginary terrestrial observer see as the Sun runs out of hydrogen? If life is confined to Earth when this happens, would life perish from heat or from cold? Explain. As the Sun runs out of hydrogen fuel, it will start consuming helium. This leads to the sun increasing in radius, eventually turning it into a red giant. When this happens, the sun will grow so large that it can engulf the earth. Life on Earth would perish from extreme heat. When the helium runs out, however, the sun will shrink to a white dwarf. The reason for this is that the sun is too small to continue burning elements larger than helium. j. What kind of stars eventually become white dwarfs? What kind eventually become supernovae? What will be the ultimate fate of the Sun? Why? A white dwarf is an extremely dense star, with the mass of the sun and the size of the earth. It is composed of the remnants of stellar matter, which is mostly carbon and oxygen. In order to turn into a white dwarf, stars need to have a size of about 0. 07-10 times that of the sun. On the other hand, a supernova is formed when a massive star consumes all of its nuclear fuel and thus collapses under its gravitational field. Because of the high gravitational force that causes its collapse, the dead star suddenly explodes. A star that is about 8-10 times more massive than the sun will end its life as a supernova. The ultimate fate of the sun is to become a white dwarf. The reason for this is that the sun is not very massive to turn into a supernova, thus lacking the critical mass that would cause it to collapse under its own weight.

Is Diversity The Solution to Affirmative Action? Essay -- Equality Rac

IS DIVERSITY THE SOLUTION TO AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Equal employment practices, in many organizations, have been established through affirmative action programs. These programs were created by government mandate to create a fair and non-discriminatory working environment in organizations. The need for affirmative action was recognized as early as the 1940’s, as a concept, based on the racial diversity of our country. The goal was the redistribution of opportunities on the basis of race. Now as we approach the 21st century, affirmative action seems to be a dying issue, legally and otherwise. The fact still remains that we have a racially and culturally diverse population, here in the United States, and something has to take the place of affirmative action. Diversity seems to be the new concept of most public and private organizations, Many Human Resources specialist seem to believe that where there is diversity there is no need for affirmative action. In this report I will look at what affirmative action has done for us, and whe re diversity can take us. President Johnson formally created affirmative action in 1965; it initially targeted employers that held federal contracts. The originating document for affirmative action was Executive Order 11246, which mandated a race-neutral means of equal opportunity and created a level playing field for previously excluded people. Employees should be treated equally without regard for their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. With the passage of time, affirmative action received a broader definition and became the platform for women’s groups, civil rights’ groups and other minorities. The umbrella term, ‘affirmative action’, refers to a variety of highly regulated efforts used ... ... B., & Packer, A. E. (1987). Workforce 2000: Work and workers for the twenty-first century. Indianapolis: Hudson Institute and Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office. Source: Carson Public Library Kessler, L. L. (1990). Managing Diversity In An Equal Opportunity Workplace. National Foundation for the Study of Employment Policy, Washington D. C. Source: CSUDH Library Loden, M. & Rosener, J. B. (1991). Workforce America! Managing Employee Diverstiy as a Vital Resource. Business One Irwin, Homewood, ILL. Source: CSUDH Library Riccucci, N. M. (Spring, 1997). Cultural Diversity Programs to Prepare for Work Force 2000: What’s Gone Wrong? Public Personnel Management, 26(1). Source: CSUDH Library Sunderland, T. (1996). "Diversity in the Workplace." <http://cctr.umkc.edu/wicc/wdpaper.ht Source: CSUDH Internet 4 November 98